• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an optical signal device for rail traffic, in particular in the form of a dwarf signal, which has a first, second and third illuminated field (22, 23, 24). The light fields are each bar-shaped, each of the bar-shaped light fields running along one leg of a triangle, and each bar-shaped light field being individually controllable in order to form a signal image. The luminous field can shine in its edge region with a spectral distribution that has a higher spectral component at wavelengths above 500 nm than in the central region of the luminous field. The light field can comprise a matrix of a large number of LEDs which light up with different spectral distributions.
    公开号:CH715161A2
    申请号:CH00856/18
    申请日:2018-07-10
    公开日:2020-01-15
    发明作者:Alex Zurfluh Erwin；Johann Gschwend Patricius
    申请人:Thales Rail Signalling Solutions Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an optical signal device for rail traffic, in particular a so-called dwarf signal.
    PRIOR ART [0002] In rail traffic, the interlocking provides routes for the purpose of train protection. These routes have a beginning and an end. When the route is set, all the points within this route are put in the correct position. If all switches are in the correct position, the route is clear and the flanks are protected, this secured route is closed and released with so-called main signals.
    For shunting traffic special shunting routes are provided, which are signaled by small, standing in the gravel shunting signals. The shunting signals are also referred to as dwarf signals. The safety level of shunting routes is lower than that of train routes.
    A dwarf signal is characterized in the Swiss Driving Service Regulations (FDV), R 300.2 signals, dated November 2, 2015 in the version dated July 1, 2016, Section 2.4 as follows: «Dwarf signals serve to regulate maneuvering movements and to provide mutual protection of maneuvering movements or against train movements. [...] Dwarf signals are close to the ground. As an exception, they can be increased, e.g. be attached to a mast, or be placed upside down. » 1 shows a conventional dwarf signal according to FDV. The dwarf signal has three circular signal lights 12, 13, 14 in white color (FDV, R 300.2, number 1.2.1). The signal lights are arranged in an L-shape at the corners of an isosceles right-angled triangle, which rests on one of the two legs. The signal lights 12 and 13 are thus vertically one above the other at a predetermined distance, the third signal light 14 is arranged horizontally at the same distance next to the lower signal light 12. This design is currently only used in Switzerland.
    With a dwarf signal, three signal images are shown: If the two signal lights 12, 13 arranged vertically one above the other light up, this means the signal term “journey”. This signal image is shown in FIG. 1. If the two lower signal lights 12, 14 arranged horizontally next to each other light up, this means «stop». If the two diagonally arranged signal lights 13, 14 light up, this means «drive with caution».
    When setting train routes, the display of the dwarf signals is dragged with conventional signaling, that is, when driving the train route, the dwarf signals are also on the move. However, this does not apply to ETCS Level 2 (ETCS-L2). ETCS-L2 is a European train control system. ETCS-L2 is characterized by constant communication between the vehicle and the ETCS route center via Euroradio. The release and communication of the driver's license with the associated speed takes place via a screen in the driver's cab (driver's cab signaling). Main signals on the route can generally be dispensed with.
    When upgrading the routes to ETCS-L2, the main optical signals are usually removed. Shunting routes are still required for maneuvering, which are set by the signal box accordingly. The signaling of the shunting routes with the dwarf signals is no longer synchronized with the train routes, which means that in normal ferry operation the train driver may no longer observe the displays of the dwarf signals.
    To clearly distinguish dwarf signals for operation with ETCS-L2 from conventional dwarf signals, it has been proposed to equip them with blue LED lights instead of the conventional, white light points. In practice, however, there were significant disadvantages of such blue shining dwarf signals. On the one hand, it turned out that the blue light spots are very difficult to see at night. On the other hand, the blue dwarf signals are still perceived as being too similar to conventional dwarf signals.
    EP 2 628 652 A1 and EP 2653 365 AI each disclose a conventional dwarf signal which is equipped with an LED light source instead of an incandescent lamp.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical signal device for rail traffic, in particular a dwarf signal, which has a better distinguishability from conventional dwarf signals and better visibility at night.
    In a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by an optical signal device with the features of claim 1. Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
    The present invention thus provides an optical signaling device for rail traffic, which has a first, second and third light field. In contrast to conventional dwarf signals with round signal lights, according to the invention the light fields are each bar-shaped, each of the bar-shaped light fields running along a leg of a triangle, and each bar-shaped light field being individually controllable in order to form a signal image.
    It is therefore proposed to replace the round signal lights of a conventional dwarf signal by bar-shaped light fields (light bars), the light bars being arranged in the form of a triangle. Each light bar alone forms a signal picture, i.e. in contrast to conventional dwarf signals, two spatially separate signal lights do not work together to form a signal image. This arrangement of light fields considerably improves the recognizability of the individual signal images. This is particularly advantageous at night.
    The triangle is preferably isosceles-right-angled. The first bar-shaped light field then runs along the first cathete, the second bar-shaped light field along the second cathete and the third bar-shaped light field along the hypotenuse of the isosceles right-angled triangle. The optical signal device is then mounted in such a way that the triangle rests on the second catheter, so that in the mounted state the first bar-shaped light field runs vertically, the second bar-shaped light field runs horizontally and the third bar-shaped light field runs diagonally. For this purpose, the optical signal device can have corresponding mounting elements. Specifically, the optical signal device can have a housing and a foot or mast connected to the housing, in order to mount the optical signal device next to a track on the floor. The second bar-shaped illuminated field then preferably runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the foot or mast.
    [0016] In some embodiments, at least two of the bar-shaped light fields can directly adjoin one another at their ends. This makes optimal use of the space available for the illuminated fields. Given the size of the dwarf signal, the length of the light bars is maximized, so that the recognizability of the signal images is particularly high.
    Each bar-shaped light field can comprise at least one light source and at least one light guide element, the light guide elements receiving light from the at least one light source and emitting it in such a way that the bar-shaped light field is formed overall. The light guide elements can e.g. comprise one or more mirrors, light guides and / or diffusers, as are known per se to the person skilled in the art. As light sources e.g. one or more LEDs or light bulbs are used.
    In advantageous embodiments, each bar-shaped light field comprises a linear arrangement or two-dimensional matrix of several LEDs. In this way, the bar-shaped light field can be displayed very simply and at the same time has a long service life.
    In order to make the signal device particularly clearly distinguishable from a conventional dwarf signal, it is advantageous if each bar-shaped light field is designed to light up in blue color, or if it has at least one area in which it is designed to to shine in blue color.
    The signal device can have a controller which acts as a dimmer in order to change the brightness of the bar-shaped light fields as a function of corresponding control signals. The control signals can depend in particular on the ambient brightness or the time of day. In this way, overexposure in the dark can be avoided, whereby the recognizability at night is further improved without at the same time impairing the recognizability in daylight. In order to generate the control signals, the controller can have an ambient light sensor, or it can be designed to receive corresponding control signals from a central device, e.g. an interlocking.
    In a second aspect of the invention, the above-mentioned object is also achieved by an optical signal device which comprises at least one luminous field, which has a central region and an outer edge region and is designed to shine in the edge region with a spectral distribution which has a higher spectral component (ie a higher integrated spectral density) at wavelengths above 500 nm than in the central region.
    [0022] The illuminated field can in particular be designed to light up in blue in the central area. The spectral distribution in the central area can reach its maximum e.g. have at a wavelength between 400 nm and 470 nm. In contrast, the light field can be configured in the edge area, e.g. to shine in red, orange, yellow or white color. The spectral distribution in the edge area can e.g. have a maximum in the yellow-orange wavelength range (570-610 nm) or in the red wavelength range (610-760 nm). The spectral distribution in the edge area can also be very wide and / or have several maxima, so that e.g. a white color impression results.
    The second aspect of the invention is based on the knowledge that the focusability of the human eye at night on blue light sources is relatively poor. One reason for this is that the proportion of blue-sensitive cones (S type) in the eye is relatively low at 9-12%. In addition, there are very few or no blue-sensitive cones in the area of sharpest vision (fovea centralis). Since the visual acuity is related to the cone density, patterns that only stimulate the blue-sensitive cones can only be perceived in low resolutions. This makes it difficult to reliably recognize the contour and arrangement of blue light fields at night. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to let the luminous field shine in the region of its outer edge with a spectral distribution which has a higher spectral component at wavelengths above 500 nm than in the central region of the luminous field. As a result, not only the blue-sensitive cones (S-type), but also the green-sensitive cones (M-type) and / or the red-sensitive cones (L-type) become significant through this area of the light field in the eye Extent stimulated. As there is a high density of cones sensitive to red and green in the fovea centralis, the visibility of the outer contour of the illuminated field is markedly improved. The overall color impression of the illuminated field is still influenced primarily by the (preferably blue) color in the central area of the illuminated field. This clearly shows that it is a dwarf signal for use under ECTS-L2.
    The second aspect of the invention is not limited to a specific shape of the light field. The light field according to the second aspect of the invention can be bar-shaped, as was explained above in connection with the first aspect of the invention. In particular, the signal device can have three bar-shaped light fields, which are arranged and constructed in the manner described above. In this respect, the first and second aspects of the invention can be combined with one another. The light field can also have a different shape, e.g. be circular. The signaling device can e.g. have three round light fields, which are arranged like a conventional dwarf signal at the corners of an isosceles right-angled triangle.
    [0025] In advantageous embodiments, the light field comprises a matrix of a plurality of LEDs. The matrix can then comprise first LEDs, which are arranged in the central region of the luminous field and are designed to illuminate with a first spectral distribution, and it can comprise second LEDs, which are arranged in the edge region of the luminous field and are designed to have a second To illuminate the spectral distribution, the second spectral distribution having a higher spectral component at wavelengths above 500 nm than the first spectral distribution. For example, the first LEDs can be blue LEDs and the second LEDs can be red, orange or yellow LEDs. So-called RGB LEDs can also be used, which are controlled in the central area in such a way that they glow blue, while in the edge area they are controlled so that they e.g. yellow, orange, red or white light.
    [0026] The optical signal device can comprise a controller in order to control the first and / or second LEDs differently depending on corresponding control signals. For example, the controller can be designed to specifically switch the second LEDs on and off independently of the first LEDs depending on such control signals (which is possible with all types of LEDs) or to change their spectral distribution (which is possible, for example, with RGB LEDs) is). The control signals can depend in particular on the ambient brightness or the time of day. As a result, the recognizability by day and by night can be optimized separately. To generate the control signals, the controller may include an ambient light sensor, or the controller may be configured to receive the control signals from a central device, e.g. an interlocking.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which serve only for explanation and are not to be interpreted as restrictive. The drawings show:
    1 shows a conventional dwarf signal according to FDV R 300.2;
    2 shows a dwarf signal according to a first embodiment of the invention; (a): Signal image for the signal term “journey”;
    (b): Signal image for the signal term «drive with caution»; (c): Signal image for the signal term “Halt”;
    3 shows a dwarf signal according to a second embodiment of the invention; (a): Signal image for the signal term “journey”; (b): Signal image for the signal term «drive with caution»; (c): Signal image for the signal term “Halt”;
    4 shows a dwarf signal according to a third embodiment of the invention;
    FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the diagonal illuminated field of the dwarf signal of FIG. 4;
    FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the horizontal illuminated field of the dwarf signal of FIG. 4;
    7 shows a dwarf signal according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
    FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of a luminous field of the dwarf signal of FIG. 7; and
    9 shows a diagram with three different spectral distributions.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A conventional dwarf signal 1 according to FDV R 300.2 is shown in FIG. 1. The dwarf signal has a housing 11 which is mounted on a foot 10 in the ballast bed next to a track. The housing 11 has the basic shape of a cuboid, which is clearly bevelled at one edge (here at the top right). In the housing 11, three circular signal lights 12, 13, 14 are arranged. These shine in conventional white dwarf signals. As already described above, the signal lights are arranged at the corners of an isosceles right-angled triangle, which rests on one of the two legs. In the operating state, which is shown in FIG. 1, the two signal lights 12, 13 arranged vertically one above the other light up. The signal image represented thereby means the signal term “drive”.
    2 shows a dwarf signal 2 according to a first embodiment of the invention in three different operating states. The dwarf signal in turn has a housing 11 and a foot 10. The housing 11 has the same outer shape as in a conventional dwarf signal according to FDV. However, instead of the conventional signal lights, three bar-shaped light fields (light bars) 22, 23, 24 are arranged in the housing 11. One light bar extends along each of the three sides of an isosceles right-angled triangle, which rests on one of the two legs (cathets). In the embodiment of FIG. 2, all three light bars have a rectangular outer contour and the same dimensions. The light fields are spaced apart at their ends.
    When the vertically arranged light bar 22 lights up, the resulting signal image shows the signal term “drive” (FIG. 2 (a)). If the light bar 23 arranged diagonally along the hypotenuse of the triangle lights up, this means the signal term “drive with caution” (FIG. 2 (b)). When the horizontally arranged light bar 24 lights up, this means the signal term “stop” (FIG. 2 (c)).
    3 shows a dwarf signal 2a according to a second embodiment in the three operating states according to FIG. 2. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the horizontally and vertically extending light bars 22 and 24, which are arranged along the two cathets of the triangle, are chamfered at their mutually facing ends and directly adjoin one another with these chamfers. As a result, these light bars, given the dimensions of the housing 11, can have a greater length than in the embodiment in FIG. 2. This improves the recognizability of the signal images shown. The diagonally arranged light bar 23 has the same length as the horizontally and vertically arranged light bars 22 and 24; however, it does not directly adjoin the light bars 22 and 24 at its ends due to the greater length of the triangle hypotenuse by a factor V2 and is therefore not beveled at its ends.
    4 shows a dwarf signal 2b according to a third embodiment. The dwarf signal again has three bar-shaped light fields 22, 23, 24, which are arranged as in the embodiment of FIG. 3. These light fields each have an LED matrix made up of a large number of LEDs. A controller 27 is also housed in the housing 11. The light fields 23 and 24 are shown separately in FIGS. 5 and 6.
    Each of the light fields 22, 23, 24 has a mounting flange 29 with which the respective light field is mounted from the inside in a corresponding recess in the housing 11. In the diagonal illuminated field 23, this mounting flange is formed all the way round. In the case of the horizontal light field 24 and also of the vertical light field 22 which is designed with mirror symmetry thereto, the mounting flange is interrupted in the beveled area in which the light fields 22, 24 adjoin one another.
    [0034] Each of the light fields has a two-dimensional matrix made up of a plurality of LEDs. In the present example, the matrix is formed from four parallel rows of LEDs that are evenly spaced from one another, adjacent rows being shifted by half their periodicity from one another. The two inner rows define a central area of the light field, while the two outer rows define an outer edge area of the light field. Blue LEDs 25 are used in the two inner rows, while LEDs 26 of different colors with a higher spectral component above 500 nm are used in the two outer rows. As a result, the visibility of the outer contour of the illuminated field is massively improved at night.
    The controller 27 has a light sensor that registers the ambient brightness. If the ambient brightness is high, the controller increases the brightness of the central (blue) LED rows and relatively reduces the brightness of the outer LED rows or even switches them off entirely. This results in a clearly perceptible appearance of the illuminated field in daylight. If, on the other hand, the ambient brightness is low, the controller 27 reduces the brightness of the central (blue) LED rows and additionally activates the outer (differently colored) LED rows in order to improve the visibility of the outer contour of the illuminated field at night. The ambient brightness can also be recorded centrally in an interlocking device, and corresponding control signals can be transmitted to the controller 27 of the dwarf signals via a suitable communication device. In this case, preferably only two discrete brightness states ("day" and "night") are processed. Instead of using the ambient brightness, the control signals can also be sent based on the time of day.
    These ideas can also be transferred to signals with light fields that are not bar-shaped, e.g. for signals with round light fields, which are arranged like conventional dwarf signals. FIG. 7 illustrates a dwarf signal 3 according to a fourth embodiment, which has three circular light fields 32, 33, 34, which are arranged like the signal lights of a conventional dwarf signal according to FDV. Again, the light fields are controlled by a controller 27. A corresponding light field 32 is shown enlarged in FIG. 8. Again, the light field comprises a matrix of a large number of LEDs. It is mounted with a mounting flange 39 in a corresponding recess in the housing. Blue LEDs 25 are used in the central area of the luminous field, while LEDs 26 of different colors with a higher spectral component above 500 nm are used in the outer edge area. Again, the visibility of the outer contour of the illuminated field is massively improved at night.
    9 shows a diagram which exemplifies three different spectral distributions. The spectral intensity (spectral density) I is plotted in arbitrary units (a.u.) against the wavelength λ in nanometers (nm).
    The spectral distribution 91 has its maximum at approximately 460 nm and has no significant spectral components above 500 nm (the integrated spectral density in the wavelength range above 500 nm is less than 1% of the total intensity). Light with this spectral distribution appears blue. It mainly stimulates the relatively small number of blue-sensitive cones (S type) present in the macula of the eye. This makes it difficult for the eye to focus on light patterns with such a spectral distribution and can only perceive such patterns in low resolutions.
    The spectral distribution 92 has its maximum at approximately 580 nm, that is to say in the yellow range; the spectral distribution 93 has its maximum at approximately 620 nm, ie in the red range. Both spectral distributions have significant spectral components above 500 nm. Light with such spectral distributions primarily stimulates the green-sensitive cones (M-type) and the red-sensitive cones (L-type) in the eye, which are present in a much larger number in the macula. This enables the eye to focus well on light patterns that shine with such spectral distributions and to resolve such patterns well.
    A superimposition of several spectral distributions with maxima at different wavelengths can result in any other, also white, color impression. Such an overlay will often also have a significant spectral component above 500 nm, as will the broad blackbody spectrum of an incandescent lamp, and therefore enables good focusability and resolution.
    The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, and a large number of modifications of the above exemplary embodiments are conceivable without leaving the scope of the invention. Instead of single-color LEDs, it is also possible to use LEDs whose color can be changed, e.g. so-called RGBLEDs. Correspondingly, the controller 27 can be designed to change the color of the LEDs depending on the ambient brightness. For example, the controller 27 can control the LEDs 26 arranged in the outer edge area at high ambient brightness so that they light up blue, while it controls these LEDs at low ambient brightness so that they light up with a higher spectral component above 500 nm. In contrast, the LEDs 25 arranged in the central area of the respective light field preferably always shine blue, regardless of the ambient brightness, and only their brightness is changed depending on the ambient light.
    REFERENCE SIGN LIST [0042]
    I dwarf signal
    2, 2a, 2b dwarf signal
    Zwergsignal
    Foot
    II housing
    signal light
    signal light
    signal light
    lightbar
    lightbar
    Light bar first LED second LED
    control
    mounting flange
    light field
    light field
    light field
    Mounting flange spectral distribution spectral distribution spectral distribution λ wavelength
    I intensity
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Optical signal device for rail traffic, which has a first, second and third light field (22, 23, 24), characterized in that the light fields (22, 23, 24) are each bar-shaped, each of the bar-shaped light fields (22, 23, 24) runs along one leg of a triangle, and each beam-shaped light field (22, 23, 24) can be controlled individually in order to form a signal image in each case.
    [2]
    2. Optical signal device for rail traffic according to claim 1, wherein the first bar-shaped light field (22) along a first cathete, the second bar-shaped light field (23) along a second cathete and the third bar-shaped light field (24) along the hypotenuse of an isosceles-right-angled Triangle runs.
    [3]
    3. Optical signaling device for rail traffic according to claim 2, wherein the optical signaling device is designed to be mounted such that the triangle rests on the second cathetus, so that in the mounted state the first bar-shaped light field (22) is vertical, the second bar-shaped Illuminated field (23) runs horizontally and the third bar-shaped illuminated field (24) runs diagonally.
    [4]
    4. Optical signaling device for rail traffic according to claim 3, comprising a housing (11) and a connected to the housing foot (10) or mast to attach the optical signaling device next to a track on the ground, wherein the second bar-shaped light field (23) transversely runs to the foot (10) or mast.
    [5]
    5. Optical signal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the bar-shaped light fields (22, 23, 24) adjoin one another directly at their ends.
    [6]
    6. Optical signal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each bar-shaped light field (22, 23, 24) comprises at least one light source and at least one light guide element, wherein the at least one light guide element receives light from the at least one light source and emits such that the bar-shaped overall Illuminated field (22, 23, 24) arises.
    [7]
    7. Optical signal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each bar-shaped light field (22, 23, 24) comprises a linear arrangement or two-dimensional matrix of LEDs.
    [8]
    8. Optical signal device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each bar-shaped light field (22, 23, 24) has at least one area in which it is designed to light up in blue color.
    [9]
    9. Optical signal device according to one of the preceding claims, which has a controller (27) in order to change the brightness of the bar-shaped light fields (22, 23, 24) as a function of control signals.
    [10]
    10. Optical signal device, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical signal device comprises at least one light field (22, 23, 24; 32, 33, 34) which has a central area and an edge area and is designed for this purpose, to shine in the edge region with a spectral distribution which has a higher spectral component at wavelengths above 500 nm than in the central region.
    [11]
    11. Optical signal device according to claim 10, wherein the light field (22, 23, 24; 32, 33, 34) is designed to light up in the central region in blue color.
    [12]
    12. Optical signal device according to claim 11, wherein the light field (22, 23, 24; 32, 33, 34) is bar-shaped or circular.
    [13]
    13. Optical signal device according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the light field (22, 23, 24; 32, 33, 34) comprises a matrix of a plurality of LEDs, the matrix comprising first LEDs (25) which are in the center Area of the light field (22, 23, 24; 32, 33, 34) are arranged and designed to light with a first spectral distribution, and the matrix comprises second LEDs (26) which are located in the edge area of the light field (22, 23 , 24; 32, 33, 34) are arranged and are designed to illuminate with a second spectral distribution, the second
    Spectral distribution has a higher spectral component at wavelengths above 500 nm than the first spectral distribution.
    [14]
    14. Optical signal device according to claim 13, which comprises a controller (27) to control the first and / or second LEDs (25, 26) differently depending on control signals.
    [15]
    15. Optical signal device according to claim 14, wherein the controller (27) is designed to switch the second LEDs (26) on and off as a function of the ambient brightness or to change their spectral distribution.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH715161B1|2022-01-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00856/18A|CH715161B1|2018-07-10|2018-07-10|Optical signaling device for rail traffic in the form of a dwarf signal.|CH00856/18A| CH715161B1|2018-07-10|2018-07-10|Optical signaling device for rail traffic in the form of a dwarf signal.|
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